Fiscal Policy in the Philippines

The Philippines 2013 Budget is the national government’s outline of consumptions and wellsprings of financing for the current year. It illuminates the expenses of government’s plans and tasks for the whole financial year. More than that, in any case, made by an administration that solidly accepts that its sole object is to serve its actual supervisors the Filipino individuals this financial plan is the exemplification of our people’s aggregate expectations and wants. As indicated by the current president Benigno Aquino III, as we push ahead along the straight and honorable way, they have ceaselessly planted and supported the seeds of change with the yearly Budgets sanctioned under this current Administration. They have organized the people’s most earnest needs so as to really and proficiently address destitution and imbalance. They proposed P2. 006-trillion National Budget for 2013 which 10. 5 percent higher than this year’s financial plan of P1. 816 trillion. This Budget seeks after strengthening by making more open doors for open interest in administration. It puts essentially in the people’s abilities by organizing subsidizing for open administrations that give employments, instruct our childhood, guarantee a more advantageous populace, and engage every Filipino to take an interest in monetary action. To guarantee the quick satisfaction of our Social Contract, the organization has received strategy measures to enable national offices to quicken their culmination of need program targets. They need to use our assets in a way that is quicker and increasingly productive, with the goal that we can achieve our basic projects and tasks early. They have assigned the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) as the chief foundation office. This implies they will assume responsibility for the convenient usage of basic framework ventures, including streets and extensions, study halls, provincial wellbeing offices, ranch to-showcase streets, spans for agrarian change networks and the travel industry get to streets, just as different activities recognized in the all-inclusive strategies of divisions entrusted with the essential arrangement of these foundations: the Departments of Education (DepEd), Health (DoH), Agriculture (DA), Agrarian Reform (DAR) and Tourism (DoT). Our proposed Budget for 2013 develops our exhibition planning and execution the executives framework. At the present time, our presentation the board framework in government is unsuitably divided. It has created a lot of turmoil among offices, and has had them unnecessarily consenting to excess prerequisites. At the very least, it has permitted a demeanor of responsibility shirking in certain open organizations. The cure this issue the president gave Administrative Order No. 25 â€Å"Creating an Inter-Agency Task Force on the Harmonization of National Government Performance Monitoring, Information and Reporting Systems. † This Task Force drove by the DBM and the Office of the Executive Secretary will smooth out and disentangle all current checking and revealing prerequisites and procedures into a solitary Results-Based Performance Management System (RBPMS). This will involve the advancement of a Common Set Performance Scorecard just as a Government Executive Information System. As to introduce organization, this Budget is structured as a device we can use to ingrain the best expectations of honesty and responsibility in government. It looks to reinforce our endeavors in modifying the people’s trust in open organizations through more prominent straightforwardness, responsibility, and resident investment in government.

Nurturing the Childrens Spirituality in the Learning Process Essay

Sustaining the Childrens Spirituality in the Learning Process - Essay Example In such a manner they can keep up sympathetic and balance learning procedure to make them star dynamic in school exercises. Through this, they are required to appreciate social union and concordance inside and outside of the school. De Souza (2004) attested that Values Education and Clarification have been considered by the state as huge to be incorporated into the educational plan to show students virtues as a motivational instrument in characterizing their great connection with the remainder of mankind and creation. Since the 1960s, virtues are a noteworthy bundle in the development of the learners’ full of feeling areas to coordinate their enthusiastic, attitudinal, values and beliefs’ developments (De Souza, 2004). Specialists accepted that qualities and good are subsidiaries of peoples’ emotive sense and, in this manner, are not seen as important in their intellectual being (De Souza, 2004). Thus, it’s this polarity of human presence that made it befuddling and hard to show up at a typical comprehension of estimations of instruction (De Souza, 2004). It’s in this setting specialists managed the dualism of instructive way of thinking: language and practice (De Souza, 2004). They received an instructive example for intellectual turn of events and for values training to build up a standard conduct and knowledge of students and to support that feeling of duty among people dependent on excellence and qualities (De Souza, 2004; Lambert, 2003, Noddings, 2010). A few analysts saw this has been considered as a compelling apparatus since authentic encounters demonstrated that the coordination of qualities in improving learners’ scholarly interests made individuals flexible in the midst of downturn, clashes, and social changes and during wars (Cacioppe and Edwards, 2005; Glendinning, 2005; Gross, 2004).

Behavioral Activation Treatment for PTSD

Behavioral Activation Treatment for PTSD Researchers published findings showing behavioral activation treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can help. More specifically, they found that  a 16-week individual treatment for PTSD focused on increasing positive and meaningful events in a persons life can successfully reduce PTSD symptoms among veterans with PTSD. Behavioral Activation As the name implies, behavioral activation is behavioral treatment. It focuses on changing behaviors to address problems people might be experiencing. Behavioral activation was originally developed to treat depression. Its based on the theory that people with depression are less likely to come into contact with positive or rewarding aspects of their environment. For example, a person with depression might feel so bad that they decide not to get out of bed one day. However, by staying in bed, the depressed person does not have potentially rewarding contact with friends and family, making the depression linger or worsen. How Behavioral Activation Works In behavioral activation, the main goals are to increase activity levels (and prevent avoidance behaviors) and help the patient take part in positive and rewarding activities that can improve mood. The patient and therapist come up with a list of activities that the patient values and finds rewarding, such as reconnecting with friends or exercising. The therapist and patient also look at any obstacles that might get in the way of completing these goals. Each week the patient is asked to set goals for how many activities he or she wants to complete outside of the session. Throughout the week, the patient then tracks his progress in achieving these goals. How Behavioral Activation Works Behavioral Activation for PTSD Individuals with PTSD may avoid things that remind them of their traumatic event, leading them to withdraw from others and also not allowing them to learn that they can cope with their anxiety. Researchers thought that behavioral activation may be useful in reducing this avoidance among people with PTSD, reducing PTSD symptoms, and improving their quality of life. The Studys Findings Researchers provided 11 veterans with PTSD 16 weeks of individual behavioral activation therapy. The veterans worked with the therapists to identify current avoidance behaviors, as well as rewarding and positive goals and activities that they would like to pursue. The veterans tracked their progress in completing these goals and activities throughout the treatment. The researchers looked at differences in the veterans PTSD symptoms, depression, and quality of life from the beginning to the end of treatment. By the end of the 16 weeks, they found that: More than half of the veterans showed a reduction in PTSD symptoms.Four veterans had their depression reduce.Four veterans reported that their quality of life had improved. Although this study was small, the findings were promising and show that behavioral activation may be a useful way to treat PTSD, especially in regard to its avoidance symptoms.   Reducing Avoidance in PTSD

The Evolutionary Arms Race - Natural Selection

Species, in order to evolve, must accumulate adaptations that are favorable for the environment in which they live. These preferred traits are what make an individual more fit and able to live long enough to reproduce. Since ​natural selection chooses these favorable characteristics, they get passed down to the next generation. Other individuals that do not exhibit those traits die out and, eventually, their genes are no longer available in the gene pool. As these species evolve, other species that are in close symbiotic relationships with those species must also evolve. This is called co-evolution and it is often compared to an evolutionary form of an arms race. As one species evolves, the other species it interacts with must also evolve or they may go extinct. Symmetrical Arms Race In the case of a symmetrical arms race in evolution, the co-evolving species are changing in the same way. Usually, a symmetrical arms race is a result of competition over a resource in an area that is limited. For example, the roots of some plants will grow deeper than others to obtain water. As the water level goes down, only the plants with the longer roots will survive. Plants with shorter roots will be forced to adapt by growing longer roots, or they will die. The competing plants will keep evolving longer and longer roots, trying to outperform each other and get the water. Asymmetrical Arms Race As the name implies, an asymmetrical arms race will result in the species to adapt in different ways. This type of evolutionary arms race still results in the co-evolution of the species. Most asymmetrical arms races come from a predator-prey relationship of some sort. For instance, in the predator-prey relationship of lions and zebras, the result is an asymmetrical arms race. The zebras become faster and stronger to escape the lions. That means the lions need to become stealthier and better hunters in order to keep eating zebras. The two species are not evolving the same types of traits, but if one evolves, it creates the need in the other species to also evolve in order to survive. Evolutionary Arms Races and Disease Humans are not immune to the evolutionary arms race. In fact, the human species is accumulating adaptations constantly to fight disease. The host-parasite relationship is a good example of an evolutionary arms race that can include humans. As parasites invade the human body, the human immune system will kick in to try to eliminate the parasite. Therefore, the parasite must have a good defense mechanism to be able to stay in the human without being killed off or expelled. As the parasite adapts and evolves, the human immune system must adapt and evolve as well. Similarly, the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is also a type of evolutionary arms race. Doctors often prescribe antibiotics for patients that have a bacterial infection in hopes that the antibiotics will stimulate the immune system and kill off the disease-causing pathogen. Over time and repeated uses of antibiotics, only bacteria that have evolved to be immune to the antibiotics will survive and the antibiotics will no longer be effective in killing off the bacteria. At that point, another treatment will be necessary and force the human to either co-evolve to fight off the stronger bacteria, or find a new cure to which the bacteria are not immune. This is the reason why it is important for doctors not to overprescribe antibiotics every time a patient is sick.

Unit 1 Qcf Level 3 Essay - 9585 Words

Unit 1: Understand Child and Young Person Development Unit code: CYP Core 3.1 Unit reference number: L/601/1693 QCF level: 3 Credit value: 4 1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years The sequence of development of a child and young person is divided into five different aspects. They include: Physical, social, communication, intellectual and cognitive, emotional and behavioural and moral development. Since every child develops at a different rate compared to one another, this is a rough guide to a child’s development and gives general information mainly about the sequence of development. Physical development: The physical aspect mainly consists of the development of the motor†¦show more content†¦Health professionals are more involved in the assessment of the child’s development, these include health visitors, GP and specialist nurses. Some young people use wheelchairs and splints to aid their mobility. Intellectual/cognitive development 0-3 years: New born babies start by off by just turning their heads towards soft light. By the age of three months the baby is able to follow moving objects and respond to bright colours and bold images. At six months the baby will start reaching for objects, watching them fall and put things in their mouths to explore. Around the first birthday it can use the hands skilfully and move around, including dropping things on the floor and looking to see where they are. (This is called object permanence, where the child will be aware of an object/person even if it is out of direct visible sight.) It will also be able to recognize familiar people at longer distance (6 meters). Between the age of one and two children enjoy hide and seek games and it will find partially hidden objects. 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Consumer Trust Free Essays

Project report on: Consumer Trust – Flipkart Subject: Consumer Behaviour Submitted to: Prof. Neha Gupta Submitted by: Ami Vora Roll No: 58 Class: PGDM – Communications FLIPKART  is an Indian  e-commerce  company founded by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal in 2007, both alumni of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. Initially funded by the Bansals themselves with  Rs. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Trust or any similar topic only for you Order Now 400,000, Flipkart has since then raised funding from venture capital funds  Accel India  in 2009  and Tiger Global (US$10 million in 2010 and  US$20 million in June 2011). Today, as per Alexa traffic rankings, Flipkart is among the top 20 Indian Web sites and has been credited with being India’s largest online bookseller  with over 11 million titles on offer. The cash-on-delivery model adopted by Flipkart has proven to be of great significance since the credit card and net banking penetration is very low in India. Even its 30 days replacement offer is something which acts as its USP. FACTORS THAT LEAD TO THE SUCCESS OF FLIPKART * Customer Service: Provide good customer support with quick turn around time for client queries. Provide replacement of product in case a customer receives a defective product. * User Interface: Easy to use, easy to browse through the products, add products to wishlist or to a cart, get product reviews and opinions, pre-order products, make payments using different methods. * Cash/Card On Delivery: Demonstrated more confidence in buying products. Flipkart sells 20 products/min and have with more than 60% of the Flipkart’s customers use Cash on Delivery and card on delivery methods. This is because of two reasons, one is many people do not know how to make payments online. And secondly people do not have immense trust in e-commerce in India. * Customer Retention: Has around 15 lakh individual customers and more than 70% customers are repeat customers i. e. they shop various times each year. The company targets to have a customer base of 1 crore by 2015. * Local Presence: Tie ups with local vendors and courier firms (thereby reducing transportation and storage costs. Owns warehouse in major cities. CONSUMER TRUST For ensuring success, securing trust in your company is essential. Trust is as important to a potential customer’s purchasing decision as the products you offer him. And an essential element of building that trust, with both customers and partners, is the assurance that your e-commerce operation meets the demanding security standards required of organizations handling sensitive financial information. Building a consumer Trust for Flipkart can take place in the following facets: * Setting up a Storefront which generates a sense of dependency among the consumer * Build a commerce friendly Web Host * Securing Information Using SSL * Processing Transactions * On time Delivery * Quality of the products * Efficient staff * Return Policy Following are the various measures taken my Flipkart to build and ensure consumer trust. 1. Merchandise site safety and security A safe and secure Web site is the most crucial element to building online trust. Flipkart convey that customers can trust them with their personal information and their purchases. Promote the basic security of your site and reinforce that message with a buying process that emphasizes safety and ease. Flipkart has a â€Å"Worry Free Shopping† environment. It clearly states shipping, return and privacy policies as well as security and product guarantees. Customers are most sensitive to trust and security issues as they move down the path to purchase. 2. A professional site speaks volumes’ Flipkart has invested wisely in professionalism of their site. This includes : user-friendly design and content updates that are accurate and regular, paying attention to load time, avoiding site down time at all costs, updating content often, avoiding typos and broken links. 3. Showcase the Trustworthiness of Your Brand The trustworthiness is also defined by highlighting its distinctive qualities and physical presence. They do this by expliciting brand-value statement, reinforce that brand-value statement by creating a tag line that customers, over time, will easily associate, and provide easily accessible customer service phone numbers. 4. Outside Voices Boost Credibility There is often no better way to build trust in your brand than to allow others to endorse it. Flipkart has a section for reviews for the product and services from trusted sources which act invaluable. 5. Comprehensive Product Content Enhances Trust You will find comprehensive product content and details of a particular product once u chose any item. This gives an insight of the minute, technical, and other details of the product before purchase. 6. What You See Is What You Get Flipkart provides image zoom functionality; provide thumbnail images to the shopping cart, etc. to ensure that What You See Is What You Get. 7. Building Quality Service One of the most important aspect is also to create trust among the consumers about the quality of the product. Flipkart provides information such as sizes, product availability (in stock), e-mail confirmation, post purchase services, customer service, etc. . Secure Payment options Flipkart promptly provides various options for the payment of the desired products. This is done by Cash on delivery, Credit card and debit card purchase, Net banking, etc. One striking features is also their EMI option with a very minimal amount of overhead. This attracts the consumers and develops a string sense of trust among the consumers as payment is the most sensitive part of the entire consumer buying proc ess. 9. Returns and Guarantee Flipkart’s USP is the 30 day returns guarantee process. Though conditions apply to these, but to almost all the products they refund the entire amount of the money paid if the consumer returns the purchased product due to any reason. Below is a graph denoting monthly traffic to Flipkart and it shows an increasing trend for most of the years. Customer trust in a company can play a significant role in determining the customer’s actions regarding that company. Customer trust (a belief) influences customer intentions. Empirical Research has shown that trust increases customer intention to purchase a product from a company as well as customer intention to return to a company. The following image shows the flow on process for Flipkart online shopping. RESULTS OF BUILDING CONSUMER TRUST The most important parameter for measuring the results of the efforts for creating consumer trust is the revenue generated. In about 7 years, Flipkart generated 12  billion (US$220  million) (FY  2011–12). Flipkart even has a market share of 20-25% in the Indian online market. Last year, it even acquired Let’s Buy and thus increased their market share. The graph shown above also speaks for itself that the number of visitors have been increasing day by day thus ensuring better sales and profitability. ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN BUILDING CONSUMER TRUST Flipkart. com  is one such online portal that is synonymous with trust worthy online shopping. Flipkart used various innovative ads where they show kids playing the roles of an adult (with real adult dubbed voices) in a day to day situation to reach their audiences. This creates a sense of trust among the consumers as kids convey truthfulness. This particular advertisement where three generations are portrayed to present the customers’ skepticism in online shopping hits just the right chords to market  Flipkart. com  and assure customers of its excellent services. This advertisement focuses on the major concern of the customers i. e. guarantee and how can one make an assessment from an online image. With the witty use of our old custom of arranged marriages where brides got betrothed by simply looking at the photographs of their husbands, this advertisement mixes a perfect marketing solution, wrapped up in good humour. By presenting three generations together in an ad,  Flipkart. com  once again makes it clear that online shopping is devoid of age barriers and  Flipkart. com  is targeted to everyone irrespective of age or gender. CONCLUSION Flipkart is one of the leading players in the online shopping sector in India. It targets all the older generation’s trust towards  Flipkart. com  by making the high-tech younger generation doubtful, and boosting the older generation’s ego by making them make an online purchase in the tech-savvy world. The tag line â€Å"shopping ka naya address†, â€Å"the new address for shopping†, does open doors or rather browsers to online shopping. By various and continuous efforts Flipkart has, no doubt, succeeded at a great level to create consumer trust and its impact is visible and measurable through the results. THANK YOU !! How to cite Consumer Trust, Essay examples

Election Campaign Financing Essay Research Paper Chris free essay sample

Election Campaign Financing Essay, Research Paper Chris AlibaruhoBA 243 Topic Report When researching for this paper, I found that the general consensus showedthat particular involvement funding is a turning influence on the results of elections inrespect to election run funding. As you will see I have identified the problemsand so proceed to discourse possible reforms with usage of a? pro and con? method. The first of the chief jobs in the issue of run funding are theindependent outgos. Harmonizing to the Federal Election Committee ( FEC ) , anindependent outgo is? an outgo of money for communications expresslyadvocating the election or licking of a clearly identified federal campaigner which is notmade with the cooperation or consent of, or at the petition or suggestion of, anycandidate or any of his or her agents or authorized commissions. ? In other words, they are political outgos or outgos often made to payfor telecasting and wireless advertizements, imperativeness conferences, political mass meetings byindividuals, groups, or parties seeking to advance a specific message about issues orcandidates during an election season. These outgos have the possible to affectthe result of the race because they imply which campaigner is the best withoutdirectly stating electors which candidate to take. Although they are independentbecause they are produced without confer withing the campaigner or his run, peoplecriticize them for holding the same negative impact as direct parts. This is whyindependent outgos can be seen as a job. The 2nd country that needs to be tackled in the issue of run funding issoft money. Besides referred to as? nonfederal financess? or? sewer money? , soft moneyrefers to run money raised and/or exhausted outside the restrictions and prohibitionsof the Federal Election Campaign Act ( FECA ) . Harmonizing to the FEC, soft moneyoften includes corporate and exchequer financess every bit good as single parts inexcess of federal bounds. These can non be lawfully used in connexion with federalelections ( elections for the US Senate, US House of Representatives, presidential term andvice presidentia l term. ) The first premise of today? s run finance Torahs is thatpeople, non organisations, are vulnerable to the potentially caustic influence ofpolitical money. The 2nd premise is that province and local political parties andtheir grass roots activities are valuable characteristics of our civil civilization that the federalgovernment should non interfere with. This explains why most federal election lawsdo non cover parts that support province and local? nonfederal? parties. Private money is raised by national parties to back up province party organizationsand does non profit specific people running for federal offices. Therefore, it is neitheruncommon or illegal for parties to raise every bit much as $ 1,000,000 from persons andorganizations, some of which are banned from lending straight to candidates.This is one of the many loopholes found in run funding. For illustration, thefederal authorities is permitted merely to modulate the manner in which campaigns forfederal offices a re financed. It is left up to the single provinces and municipalities todetermine how runs for the province legislative assembly, governor, and local populace officesare to be financed and how province and local political parties are to be regulated. Here isthe loophole ; national political parties can set up? nonfederal histories? to supportstate and local political activities. These histories are non regulated by federalcampaign finance Torahs because technically they have nil to make with federalelections. Many soft money critics point out that campaigners, subscribers and otherspecial involvements can technically obey the? missive of the jurisprudence? , but by utilizing soft moneyto get around the part and disbursement bounds, they violate the? spirit? of thesame jurisprudence. The last of the issues I shall be covering with in my essay are the issues ofout-of-district distributions and out-of-state distributions. An out-of-state orout-of-district distribution is one of those f ootings that tries to capture a batch ofinformation in as few words as possible therefore excluding the of import inside informations aboutthe whole construct. After some research, it became evident that out-of-districtcontributions refer to money donated to the House of Representatives and PAC? sresiding outside the territory in which the campaigner is running. There are 435 Housedistricts in the United States, hence an out-of-district part refers to anycontribution made to a House campaigner by a pe rson living in any of the other 434districts. An out-of-state contribution refers to money donated to a candidate for theUnited States Senate by individuals and PAC?s residing outside the state in which thecandidate is running. Of course there are 50 states so an out-of-state contribution isany contribution to a senatorial candidate by a person living in any of the other 49states. After looking at the above points, I realized there are many ways of reformingcampaign financing to correct what some people may see as problems in the system.When looking at independent expenditures, critics object to the growing use of thismethod to influence political campaigns. It is seen as just one more way for specialinterests and rich citizens to get around direct contribution limits. So as not to runafoul of the supreme court rulings concerning political speech, proposals to changethe current system of independent expenditures have generally focused on offsettingthe benefits that independent expe nditures bestow on candidates rather than outlawthese benefits altogether. With this in mind, I believe one way of reformingexpenditures would be to allow increases in a candidate?s spending depending on hisor her opponent?s expenditures. For example, if a candidate has agreed to voluntaryspending limits and his opponent has benefited from expenditures, the candidatewould be allowed to increase his or her spending by the amount of expenditures.However, like in many situations, there are pros and cons. One con to this is that anyattempt to limit expenditures directly may be ruled unconstitutional by the SupremeCourt. Also independent expenditures provide opportunities for a wide range ofgroups to support the interests of their members. A reform on independentexpenditures would affect the ability of these groups to participate. One last con oflimiting expenditures is that it strengthens the major parties thus making it harder foroutsiders to challenge them. One of the pros of reformin g the laws concerning expenditure is that all limitscan be enforced and regulated by existing institutions and authorities. Also, limitingexpenditures would reduce the power of special interests who try to influenceelections outside the current regulations on contributions to candidates. Reformingexpenditures would reduce the overall amount of money flowing into campaigns,making it easier for citizens to run for office without having to be somewhat rich. Many argue that regulating soft money is the solution to the problems incampaign financing. The loophole has allowed contributors, candidates, and politicalparties to take advantage of inconsistencies between federal campaign finance lawsand state campaign finance laws to give and spend a lot more campaign money thanfederal laws permit. ?So called soft money is exploding. The parties raise soft moneyin huge quantities, supposedly to strengthen the party machinery but it is regularlychanneled to individual candidates. ?Issue advertis ements? are the latest dodge. Theads display images of the candidates but avoid using words like ?vote for? or ?elect?-thus avoiding limits on party spending for candidates.?- Kenneth Wheaten,Washington Post.Critics say that soft money has the practical effect of helping cash-strapped federalcandidates even though such money is supposed to be used only for ?non-federal?party activities. Private interest groups will continue to enjoy privileged access tolawmakers, as well as special influence with them, unless soft money contributors areprohibited. In my opinion, the best way to honor the intentions of federal campaignlaws is to subject soft money to the same regulations as other federal campaigncontributors and expenses. However, soft money contributions are used to fundthings like voter education programs and registration drives, which encourages theparticipation of citizens. Regulating soft money would have a negative impact on this. When looking at the pros of reforming soft mone y, it can be seen that softmoney contributions make a mockery of federal election laws designed to control theinfluence of wealthy individuals and groups. Soft money provides a way forpresidential candidates to get around the voluntary spending limit that they agree to inorder to qualify for partial public financing of their campaigns, thus making somewhatof a dishonest presidential candidate. I think its best that curbs be made on softmoney because as long as it is allowed, political parties and candidates will continueto concentrate on the concerns of big money contributors rather than on issues thatconcern the general public.**

5 PayPal Alternatives for eCommerce Stores, Plus Why Theyre Better

While PayPal is one of the most well-known payment gateways around, its not for everyone. Depending on your situation, the fees might be higher, or you might be able to get better service elsewhere. Thats probably why youre reading an article about PayPal alternatives for eCommerceIn this post, Im going  not just share 5 viable alternatives, but also explain the specific reasons why each alternative might make for a better option than PayPal.Most of these alternatives integrate with WordPress eCommerce plugins like WooCommerce and Easy Digital Downloads (for selling digital files). This way, you wont need to hire a developer or learn how to integrate it yourself. Five best PayPal alternatives for eCommerce storesBefore we begin, its important to note that there are two versions of PayPal for eCommerce stores:PayPal Payments Standard   what most people are familiar witha simple Buy Now button embedded on the site, where the customer is sent to a PayPal checkout page.PayPal Payment s Pro  Ã‚  you can customize your shopping cart and have the checkout on your own website for $30 per month plus a $79 WooCommerce extension.Youll see both those terms as I compare these 5 alternatives to PayPal.1.  StripeWhen comparing PayPal to Stripe, your decision usually depends on how you want your checkout to look and what type of payments youre accepting. Smaller companies cant go wrong with PayPal Standard, but for many eCommerce sites, Stripe starts to look appealing.To start, Stripe offers a free WooCommerce plugin  and a paid one for EDD (Easy Digital Downloads).What are the benefits of Stripe over PayPal?If you plan on accepting micropayments of under $10, Stripes fees are going to be far less than the PayPal Payments Pro fee structure of 5% + $0.05.Stripe doesnt have any monthly payments. PayPal Payments Pro has a $30 monthly fee.The Stripe merchant interface is far better than PayPal Standard. Many would argue its also better than PayPal Pro.Stripe is very custo mizable if you have a developer on your team.Stripe streamlines the process by eliminating the need for both a merchant account and gateway. Its all done by Stripe.Go to top2.  Authorize.netAuthorize.net is also one of the more recognized payment gateways in the world. The main downside that merchants see with Authorize.net is that it has several startup fees. For instance, theres a setup fee of $49. After that, a $25 monthly charge is required.As for integrations, theres a  paid WooCommerce plugin with an easy integration. EDD also has an Authorize.net extension.What are the benefits of Authorize.net over PayPal?The checkout process is all done on your website, so its at least better than PayPal Standard in that respect.You can still accept PayPal payments through Authorize.net, along with all major credit cards.The support team is one of the best in the business.You can sync with your QuickBooks account.The Advanced Fraud Detection beats PayPals.Go to top3.  SquareSquare was initially known as the handy little mobile payment device you would bring to trade shows. Thats changed quite a bit, since Square also accepts online payments for eCommerce.Theres an official Square plugin for WooCommerce, and a third-party plugin for EDD.What are the benefits of Square over PayPal?Square and PayPal are both competent for mobile and online payments. However, Squares combination of all tools and interfaces defeats PayPal by a long shot. For instance, the mobile reader has more features (such as offline mode,) and youre able to sync up beautifully with your online store, invoices, and POS.Square has impressive, and free, POS software.Recurring payments are far easier to set up with Square. Oh yeah, and its freecompared to $40 per month with PayPal.Go to top4.  SkrillInternational payments often cause trouble when using PayPal. With Skrill, however, you receive a prepaid debit card that accepts those international payments immediately. You can then use the card at A TMs and stores.Skrill is pretty similar to PayPal in terms of online gateway configuration and fees. Finally,  Skrill has an official  WooCommerce plugin.What are the benefits of Skrill over PayPal?Skrill offers some of the quickest international payments, making it ideal for those who might run into country-based problems with other alternatives.Cross-border transaction fees are free with Skrill, while PayPal charges from 0.5% to 7.4%.Skrill typically allows you to sell riskier online products with less red tape, e.g. gambling products.Go to top5.  2Checkout2Checkout is an incredible PayPal alternative for accepting payments globally. PayPal has been pretty good with accepting many currencies from different countries, but 2Checkout still stands out.The fees between the two are pretty much the same, and 2Checkout has a  WooCommerce  plugin and EDD extension.What are the benefits of 2Checkout over PayPal?As of this article, 2Checkout supports over 87 currencies, eight payme nt methods, 15 languages, and over 200 markets.2Checkout is a full payment gateway without any monthly fees (compared to PayPal Payments Pro).The checkout is customizable, with three templates to start with.The advanced fraud protection is quite impressive. Over 300 security rules are run on all transactions.Is it time you found something other than PayPal?From Square to 2Checkout, you have choices when it comes to PayPal alternatives for eCommerce. As you can see, sometimes you need a PayPal alternative because of your companys country. Sometimes the monthly fees are lowerWhatever the reason, use this article as a jumping off point and see if one of these alternatives offers a cheaper, more streamlined approach to payments.Have any questions about these PayPal alternatives for eCommerce? Leave a comment below! Check out these 5 quality PayPal alternatives that you can use at your #WordPress #eCommerce store

102 Week 2 Journal Response Professor Ramos Blog

102 Week 2 Journal Response Find an article that relates in some way to the things we have been talking about in class. Summarize the article, then respond to it in some way. Agree, disagree, or other. Why did you pick it? How does it connect to our class? One paragraph summary of source. One paragraph response to source. Include a link to the text. Should be about 250 words in length.

John Leonard Vs. Pepsi Co Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Leonard Vs. Pepsi Co - Case Study Example Based on this information, it is easy to conclude that there was no written agreement between the two parties. Furthermore, on legal grounds, the advertisement cannot substantiate the plaintiff’s claim that an offer was made. On these grounds, PepsiCo is liable for nothing. The next question is whether Pepsi actually made an offer. When you take such postulates into consideration, it creates a lot of ambiguity about the commercial being an actual offer. In the catalog that PepsiCo issued, the jet was not included as one of the gifts which could be collected. Thus the ad was not an offer, largely because it was not included in the Pepsi Stuff Catalogue that provides further information about the Pepsi Points program. Furthermore, the law on such issues is that if an offer is made that is clearly meant to be a joke and interpreted as such by an objective standard; it does not constitute a binding offer. Thus, PepsiCo again is safe on these grounds. However, John Leonard interpreted the ad as an actual offer and tried to capitalize on it. Based on our conclusion, the plaintiff’s understanding of the commercial as an offer should be rejected because the courts would find that no objective person could reasonably have concluded that the commercial act ually offered consumers a reward of a Harrier Jet. Moving on to the infamous call made by Leonard regarding the details of the offer, he was informed about the procedure of amassing Pepsi points, and at no time was he corroborated that he would receive a Harrier Jet. PepsiCo had already put this in writing in its catalog, both on how to gather points and what would be up for grabs. Hence, Leonard’s call seems to have no legal significance except for that fact that they imply a favor in Pepsi’s camp. But let’s adopt a new vantage point, one that reflects the views of the plaintiff.

Hindrance of Music Creativity by Post Secondary Music Institutions Research Paper

Hindrance of Music Creativity by Post Secondary Music Institutions - Research Paper Example Observation and experimentation follows, perhaps leading to innovation technique or approach. Another skill not encouraged by conventional teaching is tolerance to ambiguity. Holding of two opposing yet plausible truths simultaneously, the wrestlings of questions which have no clear cut answers and with conundrums that need patient contemplation too are creative skills. Just like the composer of a harmonic technique will struggle, one has the idea of what is looking for, but can not quit grasp it (Nickerson, 1999). Moreover, the capacity for dogged perseverance is also something that is prerequisite for creativity. This is because the problems one will encounter will not be easily solved, thus only hard work and concentration will succeed something which the music schools do not emphasize. The following are creative attributes which the music educationists should recognize: exhibition of verbal, ideational and imaginative fluency; risk taking and excellence despite making mistakes; e xhibition of curiosity, inquisitiveness and excitement; flexibility and adaptability; tolerance to ambiguity and responding to ingenuity and spontaneity; production of unique and realistic ideas; rebellious yet able to operate within the traditions; extroverted and introspective at appropriate times. Games can also be used as a portal to creative teaching during our day to day teaching and performance of musical practice. Games are not encourages in many of the music schools as it is over looked at the expense of music education. However, games cut directly to the essence of the creative self, where present strategies, past experiences, and new ideas bled together with one sole purpose of succeeding. The connection to... This paper approves that the music institutions should encourage creativity in their teaching programs so as to encourage uniqueness and innovation in the music industry. They should have the following criteria for an educational environment that is conducive to creativity: accepting of an individual who is having unconditional worth; a period where external evaluation is absent; understanding empathetically; allowing psychological freedom. The inhibiting factors to creativity can be mitigated through democratic approach to assignment design. The teachers are to teach techniques and avoid overly restricted applications. This can be attained by giving the students a variety of assignments, and allow the students to select that one which interests them. This report makes a conclusion that teachers are encouraged to model creativity through their own performances, compositions, conductions, and writing. Conversely, having teachers who are creative does not necessarily influence the students to be creative themselves. To encourage creativity in music education, the teachers at all levels are to teach creatively in addition to teaching for creativity for their. Resisting of the notion that all the standardized tests will answer our problems in music education, this is because in creative arts more than one answer can be correct. Another point is that working on the various aspects of college music education, so that all the majors in music education have the required tools to be the future teachers of creativity.

Impact of Globalisation on Terrorism

Impact of Globalisation on Terrorism While globalisation has brought significant changes in social life, the 21st century is the main gate of violence that has led to transformations from limited effectiveness to widespread or globalised effectiveness in the globe whether it was politically, culturally, economically and so on. On the other hand, amongst cultures and states, terrorism has been significantly developed and expanded in the early 21st century due to the globalisation processes. Yet, terrorism has become one of the most controversial issues in the new era of the modern world. Although it may be complicated to describe and illustrate the relationship between globalisation and terrorism, the definition of globalisation with terrorism is widely open to different subjective interpretations. However, this essay will describe and illustrate the impacts of globalisation on terrorism in the modern era of the post globalised world. According to Baylis, Smith, and Owens, (2014), it has been outlined four different types of terrorist groups based on the source of motivation of each group. Namely, right-wing terrorists, left-wing terrorists, ethnonationalist or separatist terrorists, and religious terrorists. These types of terrorist groups are currently acting in the world and they have different aims and ways of acting. In addition, old terrorism is vary from modern terrorism. For example, the term terrorism was first used in the French Revolution describes the use of terror and violence by government against the revolutionaries in 1789 in France (Nassar, 2010). Furthermore, it was used to describe people who were acting individually against colonial states in the eighteenth century (Neumann, 2009). In other words, according to Giddens and W. Sutton, (2013, p.1044), Old-style terrorism is found where there are nations without states and where terrorists are prepared to use violence to achieve their ends. However , modern terrorism is often associated with technological advances which were brought by globalisation such as the strength of Al Qaedas network system. This terrorist organisation has become a global phenomenon due to its worldwide activities. Although the old and modern styles of terrorism have different goals, technological advances have increased the capabilities of modern terrorism due to globalisation. For instance, Al Qaeda has received a worldwide recognition after the attack on the world trade towers on 11 september 2001 (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2014). As a result of the events of 2001, United States of America has invaded Afghanistan in the name of the war on terrorism. Nevertheless, Some experts argue that the attacks of 2001 were politically designed by USA as a justification for resisting the dominance of Soviet Union in Afghanistan (Nassar, 2010). According to Nassar, (2010, p.18), he identified terrorism associated with the globalisation processes as a political lab el given to people who are perceived to be planning or carrying out acts of violence for political objectives. Naturally, the most significant change between old and new terrorism is political change associated with globalisation in order to achieve worldwide political goals. Moreover, political changes associated with globalisation have become more significant alongside technological advances for terrorist organisations in which they have utilised the advantages of globalisation for achieving their aims and influencing as much people as they can by their ideologies across their boundaries in different parts of the world. Efforts have been conducted explain the global phenomenon of modern terrorism in three different aspects namely culture, economics, and religion explanations as stated by Baylis, Smith, and Owens, (2014). Cultural explanations for terrorism indicate that terrorist groups seek to preserve their own culture and identity from western dominance such as western secular system. As a result, social changes associated with globalisation in the world have increased the process of cultural exchanges between nations. Hence, some cultures in underdeveloped countries are threatened of being exist by the western identity which provokes the terrorists motivation to turn to violent acts against those who seek for changes. On the other hand, economic aspects suggest that the motivation factor for terrorist groups to act violently is the lack of opportunities within their countries such as inequality in education systems. In other words, individuals who have ambitions and do not have the chances to im plement their ideas due to the imbalanced systems in their countries are eventually turn to violence against their own governments to fulfill and interpret their demands. Although the dominance of western capitalist economies in the world aim to privatise the industries in order to provide opportunities and make competitive businesses available for individuals, terrorist groups believe that capitalist economies are attempting to control the global market and monopolise the opportunities in underdeveloped countries (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2014). Eventually, terrorist groups have inspired different terrorist organisations across the globe by these ideologies in favour of their orders (Hobsawm, 2008). However, it can be confidently said that religion is seen as the most significant motivating factor for terrorist groups, used to influence the youth of Muslims by giving them promises of rewards in the afterlife (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2014). In addition, terrorist groups are seein g religion as a beneficial weapon, by interpreting the word Jihad as a holy war which creates new type of terrorists called jihadi terrorists (Nassar, 2010). Despite the word jihad according to Islamic teaching means the internal struggle for purity spiritually, radical terrorist groups have the opposite understanding of what the actual meaning says. Furthermore, social, cultural, technological and economic changes associated with globalisation have significantly created the world more interconnected. Based on these changes, the new global Jihad orders are obtaining political power, and implementing the Sharia law in the globe (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2014). Although the cultural, economic, and religious aspects give necessary explanations for global terrorism, individually, they are insufficient. However, it can be assumed that the most significant impacts of globalisation on terrorism are technological advances (Neumann, 2009). According to Baylis, Smith, and Owens, (2014), technological advances have enhanced the capability of global terrorist organisations in proselytising, coordination, security, mobility, and lethality. Proselytising and Mobility are often associated with global internet and the virtual world. For instance, terrorist groups have utilised virtual methods such as the internet to spread their ideologies by promoting propagandas for their sympathisers in order to make the motivation more effective, and creating their own worldwide websites which allows them to influence as many individuals as they can in the globe. Technological advances associated with globalisation have been utilised by terrorist groups for planning and conducting their operations independently. In other words, they utilised the technology to plan their activities tactically and strategically in undercover operations to ensure the success of their missions. For example, the 9/11 hijackers used specific prepaid cards for communication during their attack on the world trade towers (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2014). On the other hand, terrorist organisation are characterized by their developed security systems. By creating surveillance techniques, terrorist cells can identify each other by specific codes, therefore no one allowed to recognise them. Despite technological advances associated with globalisation have developed modern terrorism capability in the modern era of the post-modern world, the most dangerous factor is the advanced weapons. The rapid development in technologies associated with globalisation have increased the terrorist ambitions to obtain mass destruction weapons and hence it would allow fewer terrorist groups t o conduct catastrophic attacks in different part of the world. Combating terrorism may be the most difficult part for experts in finding adaptive ways to resist its expansion in the modern era and most importantly in the future. For instance, one of an adaptive way by United Nation to ensure security in airlines from hijacking terrorist attacks is the adopted convention by the establish of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). The main aim of the organisation is to ensure the safety in airlines between legal international cooperations (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2014). Furthermore, it has been suggested by some experts that in order to combat the global phenomenon of terrorism in the modern era and in the future, states should establish a global unification supported by worldwide governments (Guelke, 2009). On the other hand, Some experts disagree with the term (War on Terrorism) such as the conspiracy theorists (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2014). Conspiracy theorists however, believe that there is a link between terrorist organisat ions and political changes in which these terrorist organisations aim to achieve political goals (Hobsawm, 2008). Although there are disagreements in how to deal with global terrorism, Nassar (2010), indicates that war on terrorism is an ideological war. In other words, in order to combat radical Islamic terrorist groups, Islamic states should expand the education opportunities for the youth for better understanding of the religion and improving their awareness within their boundaries. To some up, it may be difficult to predict the future international security especially when it comes with the rapid changes associated with globalisation. Moreover, it is possible to say that the rapid changes associated with globalisation have significant impacts on the modern global terrorism. Similarly, modern terrorism is more dangerous than old terrorism due to the globalisation processes. In essence, it can be possibly said that globalisation may affect the future international security to some extent, and it may increase the ability of global governments to combat the future terrorism. References Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P. (eds.) (2014) The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. 6th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2014) Nassar, J.R. (2010c) Globalization and terrorism: The migration of dreams and nightmares. Second Edition edn. United States of America: Rowman Littlefield Publisher, INC. (Nassar, 2010) Giddens, A. and W. Sutton, P. (2013) SOCIOLOGY. 7th Edition edn. Cambridge: Polity Press. Giddens and W. Sutton, (2013), Hobsbawm, E. (2008) Globalisation, democracy and terrorism. LONDON: Abacus. (Hobsawm, 2008) Guelke, A. (2009) The new age of terrorism and the international political system. London: I.B.Tauris Co Ltd, United Kingdom. (Guelke, 2009) Neumann, P.R. (2009) Old and new terrorism: Late modernity, globalization and the transformation of political violence. Cambridge: Polity Press. (Neumann, 2009) Ritzer, G. (ed.) (2007) The blackwell companion to globalization. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ]Accessed on 24 of February 2017[

Parent-Child Relationships Essay

What is communication? How does communicating relate to parenting? Communication is any sharing between two or more people. Communication is related to parenting because its important role of positive parenting and it helps guide as well as understand their child more. How can financial issues affect parenting? Financial issues can affect parenting because most families with this problem tend to spend more time working less time with their love ones. this can cause depression and stress which can create a negative vibe round thir family. How does negative communication differ from positive communication? Positive communication differs from negative communication in a way were positive communication, its just you and your child talking no interrupion. Both people talk and listen to get a understanding of each other so that a solution can be made for the problem. How can divorce affect children? Divorce can affect children in may ways such as temper tantrums, difficulty sleeping, guilt, and emotions. Its many ways divorce can affect children but in different ways and age group in life. What are three tips that parents can use to improve communication with their children? keep in mind the child point of view and age when talking to them. Let the child know that you are only looking for their best interests Be respectful and don’t lose your temper when stress out. Critical Thinking Questions Why is it important that parents talk to their children about social issues such as divorce, finances, and unemployment? How can parents talk about difficult topics? Its important to discuss social issues to children because its a point in life where they will face. Divorce is an important to disuss to a child because they need to understand how life really work. they need to know that other kids may not have both parents at home, how it could be step perents. Which all fall into the divorce where i feel should be the top thing because not having both parents in the house could have big effect on the child. When teenagers become parents, what are some of the challenges they face? When teenagers become parents some challenges they will face are finances, health, education and possable single parenting. What are at least three techniques that parents can use when they are communicating with a child about a mistake or misbehavior? keep in mind the child point of view and age when talking to them. Let the child know that you are only looking for their best interests Be respectful and don’t lose your temper when stress out.

Principles of Good Writing by L.A. Hill

PRINCIPLES OF GOOD WRITING — L. A. HILL OBJECTIVE: This unit on L. A. HILL’S on ‘Principles of Good Writing’, is actually designed to add to your writing ability. After going through this unit, you will be able to: * Know about informative essay * Development logical and successful writing * Know the importance of newspaper and some good magazines. * Develop a taste for other aspects of linguistics INTRODUCTION TO THE ESSAYIST: Lesile Alexander Hill, a renowned personality among essayist, was born in the year 1918 in Greece and was educated at Cambridge university. He worked for the British council in Greece. Iran, Indonesia and India. Later he worked as adviser for the oxford university press, oxford, England, on the teaching of English as a second language His works include many thought provoking essays, comprehension and epitomisation for overseas students. Recent trends in educational practice, a guide to correct English, and teaching English as a second language are some very important to mention. Hill’s interest in linguistics extends to all human behavior and similarities and variations between different cultures. Hill’s good command over prose language is revealed clearly in this formal-tone essay â€Å"The Principles of Good Writing†. In this essay, Hill has brought to light the rules and regulations to be observed in shaping and sharpening one’s writing skills. He has given valuable tips regarding the secret of successful writing. The clarity of thought and expression, the logical development of the theme, the illustrative examples and the appropriate use of vocabulary, make it a wonderful piece of work. Summary: Hill, in first person narration, gives a piece of valuable advice to all the aspirants who want to be proficient in English-written and oral skills. In the opening passage, he clearly says that good writing demands good and ogical thinking. Good thinking, is not developed instantly, rather it emerges with practical experience and proper training. Initially thinking in the direction of logic and reason seems difficult because one’s mind may not be acquainted with this. But with time it will happen so and it will be reflected in one’s writing. Next to give expression to thought apt voc abulary is required. Depending on the form and tone of your work, vocabulary should be either formal or slang. To improve vocabulary you need to read widely different sorts of writing. A dictionary is of great help in this field. Sincere and diligent practice in writing is first concrete move towards a successful writing. Waiting for an inspiration will prove a hinderance towards your goal, so avoid it. Hill further suggests that one should be alive to all the happenings and pay heed to it. Even an ordinary talk heard in the street can be taken as a subject to start writing. It is required to note every new word or expression that one comes across while reading also. The writer also feels that love of mankind is an essential trait to see other state of minds, feel it intensely, and write it effectively. And, to be a good writer the readers must be kept in mind their interest and taste should be borre in mind always. ‘Impersonality of art’ should be maintained by a poet or writer while expressing emotions or feelings. The subject that is chosen for writing should be personal experience. ‘Words are body, sentences in structure, and the expression, the soul’. So apt words, correct sentence structure, and good theme, will together constitute a good writing. Introduction would be interesting and eye-catching and conclusion should not end abruptly. Finally, a writer is expected to write with zeal and true involvement- only then reader’s imagination can be kindled Critical appreciation Hill’s command over English language needs true appreciation, only those will be able to appreciate who, themselves have appropriate knowledge of this language. His epigrammatic style and lucidity of expression is remarkable; â€Å"Through this essay all that he wanted to do is teach the rules and regulations of good writing, and throughout the essay we find such tips. The formal tone is maintained throughout the essay. All the paragraphs are neatly linked and introduction is apt for the subject choosen. He himself avoided very carefully; the use of slang, jargon, hackneyed expressions, rhetorical, circumlocution, verbiage, and mingling of styles- formal and too much informal or slang. The title of the essay is very appropriate as the aim of the essayist is to teach principles of good writing by the means of various suggestions mentioned in the essay. Do’s and don’ts in the field of learning writing good English, is highly suggestive. The lucidity of thought and expression, neat structure with logical development of idea, apt examples and simple vocabulary of the essay, make it a remarkable piece of work. Summing up Hill is a writer of promising skill. His abilities are fully reflected in this thought provoking essay. ‘Principles of Good Writing’. In this essay he suggests wide reading, using a dictionary, note-making, frequent writing, maintaining humanistic and rational attitude, as essential traits for developing logical reasoning and good writing. He also suggests to avoid artificiality, avoiding second hand experience, avoiding use of jargon, rhetorical, slang along with formal, unnecessary verbose, and too much of personal element in writing. Reader-writer relationship is aptly emphasized. The essay on the whole is of great significance.

My Perception Of The Pearl Columbia s School House

Document One: My perception of the â€Å"Miss Columbia’s School House† is that the kids outside the gate mean Hawaii of course and the lady inside course means Canada. As by what I see a Irishman man in the corner beating up a Chinese, and what it looks to be a French man pushing a Indian of the swings. I also see a man carrying a flag saying â€Å"Socialism† I feel that all the things I described means that the school yard means America. By saying that in 1893 U.S took over Queen Liliuokalani and offered themselves the annexation of the Hawaii islands. As is it was important for the U.S to annex the Hawaiian Islands as they wanted to prevent it from falling into the wrong hands of Japan and also US wanting it for naval operations. Document Two: Aguinaldo criticizes America’s policies as America’s imperialistic effort to deny Philippines independence. In 1898 the U.S helped the Philippines gain their independence from Spain and they succeeded as Spain surrendered. His idea was to let the U.S know that he will fight for the Philippines real independence as U.S didn’t really let the Filipinos have their say on how they wanted to do things. He also brings up how the U.S government ignored all their promises and ignored the Filipinos rights and treated them as if they were an enemy. He then mentions how the U.S where governed by the British government and how they rebelled from it and the U.S succeeded to govern themselves. And he asks that the Filipinos get the same opportunity toShow MoreRelatedDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagesexpatriate group and make up $4.5 percent of the private sector according to official statistic^.^ ~ o sof these people perform menial jobs in the service and t construction industriese3Expatriate Arabs form another 9.4 percent of the citys s.~ workforce and the remaining 1.9 percent are ~ u r o ~ e a nThe reason that so many foreign workers have flocked to Dubai is quite simple - to make money. Although lowpaying jobs hammering steel and cleaning floors may not sound very appealing, theyRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagesied ImJournal of Consumer Research, Inc. 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