The Monguls

What did the ancient Mongols do? The ancient Mongol empire controlled more land than any other empire and included a very wide range of cultures, peoples, and religions. Everyone knows the name of Chinggis Khan (Genghis Khan) and his reputation as a fierce warrior and brutal conqueror. What you may not know is that he was a very savvy politician. His political skill not only created this tremendous empire, but also saved his people from destruction. He established the system that preserved their lives and their way of life.He and his successors took the system he set up and used it to spread their influence far and wide. So, the Mongols owe Chinggis Khan a debt of gratitude for preserving their lives and culture. We modern Westerners also owe him and his people respect for connecting the inhabitants of Western Europe with Asia and all the many benefits of trade and interaction that brought to the world. The Mongols preserved order in the areas they conquered which made it possible fo r traders to travel safely. This was called Pax Mongolica and was very significant in fostering contact between Europe, China, and all the lands in between.The disintegration of the Pax or Peace is part of the reason that Europeans were motivated to seek out sea routes to China, since it was no longer safe to travel overland. So, in a sense, you can say that the Mongolians are responsible for Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the Americas! Another thing you may not know about Chinggis Khan: he was not as brutal as he has been depicted. He would usually send emissaries ahead to invite a group of people to ally with him or to give him whatever he was seeking. If they agreed, they were typically required to give a certain number of warriors and some goods to the Mongols.If they refused, his warriors would attack mercilessly. However, they typically left women and skilled artisans to continue productive work, rather than totally destroying an area. This is different from some la ter conquerors who would completely annihilate opponents and their territory. Why did the Mongols pursue such extensive conquests? This geography is an important part of the answer to the question: Why did the Mongolians invade their neighbours? To answer this question, we have to know something about how Mongolians lived in the 1200s.Because of their geography, Mongols were usually herders and nomads. Define nomad. Why would herding require nomadism? Mongolians had to be able to move frequently in order to find pasture for their animals, primarily sheep, so they needed mobile housing. They made (and still make) felt from wool and use this felt to make the tent-like rounded houses called ger, or yurts by the Russians. Ger can be set up and taken down quickly and packed to be moved. [4-minute video of contemporary Mongolian felt-making and setting up a ger: http://ragcha. om/mujaan/shorts. html Click on â€Å"Making felt†] Note the horse pulling the felt in order to compact an d flatten it. Facts about gers: http://www. chaingang. org/yurtquest/FAQ. html Many more pictures of gers: http://www. chaingang. org/yurtquest/pics. html You can see that nomadic life isn’t easy. For one thing, it requires cooperation which binds people together, since they depend on each other to help them sustain life. At the same time, this kind of climate and terrain will not provide enough food in any one area to support a large population.This encourages the development of small tribal groups, people who can depend on each other but who do not have too large a footprint on the environment, since they will survive best when they are not all together. If a herd gets too large, it will destroy the grassland and not be able to graze in one place. Also, this climate makes it difficult to accumulate a large enough surplus that you could afford to pay someone else for services. For one thing, you would need to move everything you owned. It was not possible to stockpile any su rplus, even if it were possible to accumulate some in a particularly good year.In the conditions of this harsh nomadic life, it was not possible to create a social class of artisans who would manufacture goods. People were needed for herding and moving. And although there was some very limited agriculture, it was not possible for Mongolians to rely on farming for foodstuffs either. What do you think are typical Mongolian foods? [Animal products predominate – meat, milk products. Berries and vegetation that grows wild or with very little cultivation play less of a role in the traditional diet. ] This video clip shows men working on the felt and the ger.Of course, it is set in contemporary time, not in ancient Mongolia. In ancient Mongolia raiding other tribes or settlements in neighboring areas was an important part of the economy. Of course, raiding isn’t part of Mongolian culture now, but it was back then. If military might, necessary both to raid and to protect your own tribe, were such an essential part of your society, how would it affect the culture? One thing that contributed to Mongolian military success was the fact that the men were always ready and available for war.In order for that to be true, women had to take on many of the jobs that men do in other societies. Along with greater responsibility, the woman also had more rights and privileges than was common in other East Asian societies at that time. For example, they had the right to own property and to divorce. They also were sometimes trained for and participated in the military. We can find many references to women of the Mongol elite in 13th century chronicles from different cultures, including Mongol, Chinese and European. Later on we will discuss some prominent Mongolian women leaders who were very important in China.Raiding wasn’t the only contact they had with settled agricultural society; they also had to trade in order to get many of the goods they needed. Two things happened in the early 1200s to make both nomadism and trading more difficult. One was that the temperature of the steppe declined a little, not enough to threaten human life directly, but enough to affect the fragile balance of the environment and reduce the length of time during the year that grass grew. With less grass, herders had to move. [Refer back to map, climate. ]The other singular development in Mongolia in the early 13th century was the rise of a man called Temujin. He introduced the momentous political innovation of uniting all the Mongolian tribes under his leadership. Previously they had been scattered into separate tribes, a logical political system since the ecosystem would not sustain a large group gathered together, and they had frequent warfare among themselves. But in 1206, after years of preparation, Temujin was named the Great Khan, or ruler over all the tribes at a meeting of tribal elders called a quriltay (koor-ill-tie) or a council.He claimed to have bless ed ancestry and took the name of Chinggis Khan or Ruler of the Universe. His line was established as supreme and having the inherent right to rule. This political development influenced societies in many different areas for hundreds of years. Chinggis Khan took control in a period of economic and political crisis for the Mongolians. Not only was climate change pushing them to move away from their usual areas in search of better pasture. In addition, the northern Chinese ruling dynasty had cut trade with the Mongols.The Chinese did not need Mongolian products – but the Mongols needed to obtain things from the Chinese. In this unequal relationship the Mongolians were vulnerable. Forced by climate to search for better pastures, cut off by their usual trade partners, Mongolians faced severe challenges to their lifestyles and even their lives. These were the conditions when Chinggis Khan took control over a mobile, dedicated and militarily adept population. The stage was set for t he Mongolians to sweep south, east and west throughout Asia and into Europe, conquering as they went.What were the effects of Mongolian control? Intermixing of many different tribes of people and their geographical displacement. When the Mongols conquered a settlement or tribe, particularly of the Turkish nomads who inhabited the steppe to their south and west, they set them up in a military command structure. Conquered men were turned into warriors. Families accompanied warriors, serving as support so that the men were always available for military service and were not required to stay home and work to care for their families’ basic needs.They also intermixed peoples from different areas in each command unit. That way there was less possibility of conquered peoples uniting to revolt. They were turned into mobile military units which would sometimes be left to settle a different conquered area. This had the effect of intermixing ethnic and tribal affiliations so that most of these peoples no longer retained their own distinct culture, but resulted in them adopting their designation as specific units of the Mongols, or hordes. This legacy is still seen in Kazakhstan today, where the Kazakh population is divided into Greater and Lesser Hordes.

Can Rapers Be Good Role Models

Im a teen whose influenced by rap, rap myself because love it and I breathe hip-hop but I dont smoke pot I dont have guns dont sell drugs I dont go out and try to kill people because know whats right to do and whats wrong to do heroes a perfect example ill Haynes a rapper but he tells kids to stay in school he was a straight a student in school yeah Hess really stupid right and amine yeah he Was a drop out and a attic but he tells kids now not to get involved with that stuff he tells kids to stay in school USIA does not influence you in a bad way just describes how you feel at times and IP hop and raps good for that because it come out and says how its feeling. Is the response of a boy interviewed about the topic. Teen that view rappers as their heroes, chose them because they can related to them, many who grow up in bad neighborhoods and with out a mother or father, are the ones that can related to OPAC, Amine and Baggy Smalls.Others who just had their mommas, related to Ill Wayne and know about that mother love. Rappers eventually have to make songs at times about partying and drinking, but thats just to sell record, the true fans of those rappers know better than to live that thats the massage being send by their role models. I myself am a fan of rap music.Amine and Tuba Shaker, have been role models to me yet I dont drink, smoke, are involve in gangs or neither am I having sex, those are just stereo types people make about music, When view this artist as role models, I look at what they really stand for and what they try to do with their music, those who use them as an excuse to the negative decisions they decide to take shouldnt blame it in a person, instead they should blame it on their self.

Effectiveness Of E-Learning Tools In Organisations Dissertation

Effectiveness Of E-Learning Tools In Organisations - Dissertation Example The purpose of the study is not to examine the psychological factors pertaining to a like/dislike of technology that would be present on a personal level among employees of any industry. It is to examine the particulars of the implementation of e-learning management which may be addressed through a change in strategy, approach, and program design, to provide further motivation for employees to avail of e-learning facilities in companies that most require them. The methodology involves survey by questionnaire and a case study illustrating the successful implementation of an e-learning initiative, and why employees would find certain methods and approaches preferably. Results show that despite the preference for digital communications, learners would prefer face-to-face communications rather than written, and are optimistic about the eventual results of their participation in e-learning programs. The greatest barrier to e-learning remains the resistance of the employees where it still exists, but this does not seem to be prevalent. The case study provides a successful example of e-learning application in an open network where the exchange of information through workplace learning appears highly effective. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 1.1 Chapter Overview 7 1.2Background of the Problem 7 1.3 Statement of the Problem 8 1.4Research questions 8 1.5 Significance of the research problem 9 1.6 Scope and delimitation of the study 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 2.1 Chapter Overview 10 2.2 Definition and taxonomy 10 2.3 Impact of e-learning in organisations 11 2.4 Internal marketing: How the e-learning is communicated & promoted within organisations 13 2.5 Theoretical framework 17 2.6 Synthesis and relation of literature review to the research study 18 Chapter 3: Methodology 20 3.1Chapter Overview 20 3.2Research strategy 20 3.3 Research design 21 3.4 Data description 21 3.5Population and sampling method 22 3.6Data gathering instrument 22 3.7 An alysis 23 3.8 Ethical considerations 25 Chapter 4: Discussion 26 4.1 Chapter Overview 26 4.2. Respondent Profile 26 4.2.1 According to age 26 4.2.2 According to gender 27 4.2.3 According to highest educational attainment 29 4.2.4 According to length of service 30 4.3 Factors affecting e-learning 31 4.3.1 Respondents from BPO firms 32 4.3.2 Respondents from IT firms 33 4.4 Contribution of internal communications to e-learning effectiveness 34 4.4.1 Respondents from BPO firms 34 4.4.2 Respondents from IT firms 35 4.5 Impact of e-learning 36 4.5.1 Respondents from BPO firms 37 4.5.2 Respondents from IT firms 38 4.6 Barriers to effective e-learning 39 4.6.1 Respondents from BPO firms 40 4.6.2 Respondents from IT firms 41 4.7 T-test results 42 4.7.1 Factors affecting e-learning 43 4.7.2 Contribution of internal communications to e-learning 44 4.7.3 Impact of e-learning 44 4.7.4 Barriers to e-learning 45 4.7.5 Case study of a strategic application in an actual case involving an IT company 45 Chapter 5: Conclusion 51 5.1 Summary of findings 51 5.1.1 Factors that contribute most to the successful implementation of e-learning in the organization.

NURSE PRESCRIBING (the subject area is HEALTH VISITING) Essay

NURSE PRESCRIBING (the subject area is HEALTH VISITING) - Essay Example The actions that has been taken so far should also be recorded and any kind of medication that the Kellie may have received. When the drug history is being recorded, there should be a reference on any OTC and any other therapies that Kellie could have used before. These are like the herbal or the homeopathic remedies. It may hard for Shelly to give this information as some of the remedies used may not appear to have any effect. Thus making her understand what is means of alternative therapies is important. At this point it is important to note of any drug allergies that Kellie could have and they be noted in her notes. When Shelly presents the condition of her child, it is imperative to bear in mind that alternative treatment options ought to be taken into consideration prior to writing a prescription. With this, there are things that need to be considered. The first thing is the diagnostic recognized? The symptoms that appear in Kellies have to be assessed so as to be sure of the diagnostic. In the case of Kellie, the presence of egg cases discarded on the head ought to be investigated. These usually attach themselves on the shaft of the hair, and they remain even after the head lice have cleared. These however may not assure the presence of head lice. Thus one should continue and look for at least the presence of a head louse. The other thing that should be considered is if a GP referral is shown. In the case of Kellie there was no referral that was present. The nurse also ought to consider if any prescription is required at all. This can only be given in cases where the need is genuine. It should be born in mind that some patients may want to get a prescription for some other reasons other than to get treated for their illnesses. Thus before the nurse prescribes any medication for Kellie should make sure that she is infested with head lice and that she does not want to gain her mother’s attention. The health visitor should also do a physical

Mandatory mediation in the United States of America Essay

Mandatory mediation in the United States of America - Essay Example (Mediation. Indopedia. [internet]). There are instances when mediation is resorted to because a controversy has arisen and the adversaries choose to have the matter passed upon by a neutral referee, called the mediator, rather than to go through the rigors and the high cost of court proceedings which are usually protracted. In some other situations, there is a clause in the covering contract in which the parties provide for a mediation mechanism. This part of the main agreement has a jurisdictional repercussion because the supposed hearing court will not normally entertain a stipulated dispute if the mediation remedy is not first exhausted. It is given that alternative dispute resolutions which include mediation have become the better option to settle controversies without resorting to court processes. (Alternative Dispute Resolution. Superior Court of California. County of Fresno. [internet]). It is claimed that the idea of mediation in the United States of America started as early as during the time of the native American tribes. (Eric van Ginkel. Mediation under National Law: United States of America. IBA Legal Practice Division. MEDIATION COMMITTEE NEWSLETTER. August 2005. [internet]). Before proceeding, it is deemed important that mediation be distinguished from arbitration because there is that usual mistake of interchanging the two under the wrong perception that both are the same or similar. Arbitration is a more expeditious, less complex and inexpensive replacement of a court suit. The controversy is endorsed to an impartial outside party called the arbitrator who has expertise over the subject of the conflict. After a prudent assessment and evaluation of the pertinent facts, the arbitrator decides in favor of the party he deems has a... Courts all over the world are clogged with cases. This drawback means humongous costs to the government concerned and an insignia of justice being denied as having been rendered too late. Owing to this, substitute ways to resolve disputes have long been thought of to patch up controversies peacefully and inexpensively, that is, without the intercession of the judicial agencies of the state.One such extra-judicial methodology is mediation which is a form of an alternative dispute resolution.Mediation is a tool used to resolve conflicts between or among natural persons, business entities and even nations. It is actually one of the conventional types of alternative dispute resolution, the other one being arbitration.There is no general federal law that governs definite rules and regulations over the whole caboodle of the mediation remedy. Even the Uniform Mediation Act cannot yet be fully applied to and adopted by all the states of the United States because the individual territories or jurisdictions have their own mediation structures and methodologies. Also, every state has its own unique culture, industry, climate, products and other variables for which each mediation procedure or set of procedures may rather be customized for appropriate applicability. Furthermore, the respective states already have mandatory mediation legislations in place numbering two thousand five hundred all over the country.

Beer Garden International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Beer Garden International - Essay Example However, as the globalisation has emerged as a favourite concept in both the academia as well as business, it came as an apprehensive thought to expand the business further to Australia. Australia got the taste of beer at the beginning of Western Colonisation. In the year 2004, in per capita beer consumption, the country was ranked as fourth. The most popular beer style in this country is Legar. However, the Australians love to taste all the beer styles with same enthusiasm. It has been noticed that the people in Australia like to enjoy themselves and they would prefer to mix nice cold beer with this enjoyment. So, it does not seem to be bad idea to open one hefeweizen beer outlet in there. The beer outlet is supposed to be designed taking inspiration from Australian culture and their beer consumption styles. This would be to done to satisfy the consumer requirements in Australia. This report will consider the macro as well as micro environments of the business to frame a set of tact ical recommendations for the beet store. Types of stores operating in the industry in the city In Australia, the consumption of alcohol (especially beer) is quite high. Beer was introduced in Australia during the colonial history and soon it turns out to be one of the favorite drinks among the people. With passage of time, high consumption of beer turns out a major problem in the country. In 1979, consumption per capita was almost 6.4 liters per year. However, due to stringent action taken by the government to control the situation, consumption of beer in Australia started declining. As per the data published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2009, per capita consumption declined to 4.49 liter per person per year. The past analysis of alcohol consumption pattern among Australian indicates a unique change; now people are shifting from quantity to quality. Consumption of low strength beer has declined by 25 percent, consumption of middle strength beer is almost unchanged and t he conception of full strength beer increased constantly. In 2009, 63 million liter of alcohol consumed in Australia was in form of wine whereas 79 million liter of alcohol was as beer. Almost ten years back the consumer in Australia were consuming three brands on regular basis but today it is almost seven different brands that comprises of both premium as well as traditional brands. This is good news for the international brands (Williams, 2010). This change in consumption habit of Australian people has influenced the type of stores and outlet where beer is sold. In Australia the state government is responsible for formulating rules and regulation for alcoholic beverage sales. Beer, wine and other spirit are sold at the bottle store, locally called bottle-o. Such stores can be as separate section in a super market or it may be as an individual store. The well known brands have their own bottle shops franchises near to the super markets. In these stores, apart from purchasing the co nsumers can sit and have their drinks. Apart from the bottle shops the driving establishments also have the legal permission to sell alcohol products to the customers but it is for off-site consumption. Considering the increasing pace of life, concept of drive through alcohol retail is also gaining popularity. In the drive through retiles shops customers can escape the tedious

Childhood obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Childhood obesity - Essay Example n body mass and the risk of acute and long-term morbidity and mortality, in the case of children and adolescents, acute medical complications of obesity are less common. (Schwarz, 2012). Evidence points out that low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) results from sedentary lifestyle, leading to hypertension and premature coronary artery disease. â€Å"Insulin resistance† in the liver and adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles occur from body fat build-up which â€Å"predispose to glucose intolerance and hypertriglyceridemia†. Lower life expectancy resulting from the predisposition to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, can be attributed to the combination of high levels of insulin, hypertension from fat accumulation and dyslipidemia. High insulin levels in the body and high blood pressure also leads â€Å"androgen production from ovarian and adrenocortical cells with dysmenorrheal and virilization† in females, and the â€Å"aromatization of adrenal androgens to estrone that leads to gynecomastia in males† (Schwarz, 2012). â€Å"fatty liver, independent of visceral fat and intramyocellular lipid content (ICML), has a central role in insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 23 obese adolescents with and 20 obese adolescents with low HFF were matched for age, Tanner stage, BMI score, and percentage of body fat, visceral fat, and IMCL. The group with a high hepatic fat fraction (HFF) had lower whole-body insulin sensitivity index and lower estimates of insulin secretion, as well as a significantly lower glucose disposal rate, than the group with low HFF† (Schwarz, 2012). Schwarz (2012) stated that several genetic syndromes associated with childhood obesity have been determined to include the Prader-Willi syndrome, pseudohypoparathyroidism, Laurence-Moon-Biedl (Bardet-Biedl) syndrome, and the Cohen, Down and Tuner syndromes. Hormonal disorders like growth hormone deficiency and resistance, hypothyroidism, leptin deficiency